Introduction

A Texas Small‑Estate Affidavit (SEA) lets heirs of a person who died without a will (intestate) collect assets without opening a full probate. It is available only in narrow circumstances set by Texas Estates Code Chapter 205 and requires judge approval before use. This page explains eligibility, required signers and disinterested witnesses, what judges review, what an SEA can and cannot transfer, and how Sunset supports families end‑to‑end.

Eligibility requirements (Texas Estates Code Chapter 205)

To use an SEA, all of the following must be true:

• The decedent died intestate (no valid will). Texas Estates Code §205.001

• At least 30 days have passed since death. §205.001(1).

• No petition for a personal representative is pending or granted. §205.001(2).

• The value of estate assets, excluding the homestead and exempt property, is $75,000 or less. §205.001(3); §205.009 (definitions of “homestead/exempt”).

• Estate assets (excluding homestead/exempt property) exceed known liabilities (excluding debts secured by homestead/exempt property). §205.001.

• The decedent owned no real property other than a homestead if a real‑property transfer is needed. §205.006; TexasLawHelp overview.

• All heirs (distributees) with legal capacity sign, with guardians signing for minors/incapacitated heirs. §205.002(a)(1)(B)–(C).

• Two disinterested witnesses swear to the facts. §205.002(a)(1)(A); see also TexasLawHelp: Transferring property without going to court.

What counts toward the $75,000 cap

• Counted: probate‑only assets (e.g., sole‑owner bank accounts without POD/TOD, vehicles titled only to decedent, non‑exempt personal property).

• Not counted: the homestead and exempt personal property (e.g., certain household goods, certain retirement benefits, and insurance), and non‑probate assets passing by beneficiary or survivorship (POD/TOD, JTWROS, trust assets). See TexasLawHelp on exempt property (citing Estates Code §353.051 and Property Code §42.002) and non‑probate property.

Required signers and disinterested witnesses

• Who must sign: every distributee with legal capacity; natural guardian/next of kin for minor distributees; guardian for incapacitated distributees. §205.002(a)(1)(B)–(C).

• Disinterested witnesses: two adults who have no financial interest in the estate and do not inherit under Texas descent and distribution; they must swear to the facts in the SEA (including family history). §205.002(a)(1)(A); TexasLawHelp SEA toolkit.

• Practical note: Some courts scrutinize SEAs with minor heirs and may not approve if signatures/guardianship are not handled exactly as required. See TexasLawHelp: Small Estate Affidavits.

What the judge examines and approval workflow

• Examination: The judge must examine the affidavit and may approve only if it conforms to Chapter 205. §205.003.

• Contents the SEA must include: (1) list of all known assets and liabilities (marking which are exempt), (2) names/addresses of all distributees, (3) family‑history facts establishing heirship, and (4) statutory eligibility conditions. §205.002(a)–(b).

• After approval: Heirs must provide a certified copy of the approved SEA to anyone who owes the estate money, holds estate property, or acts as transfer agent for estate interests. §205.004.

• Recordkeeping: If approved, the SEA is maintained as a local government record; counties that still use a book index record it in a “Small Estates” book. §205.005.

What an SEA can and cannot transfer

• Personal property: Financial accounts, securities, vehicles, and other personal property can be collected by presenting a certified, court‑approved SEA. Holders who pay/transfer in reliance on an approved SEA are released from liability as if paying a personal representative. §205.007.

• Real property: Only the decedent’s homestead can be transferred by SEA—and only if it is the estate’s only real property. The approved SEA must be recorded in the county deed records where the homestead is located. §205.006; see also TexasLawHelp.

• Non‑probate assets: Trust assets, POD/TOD accounts, and JTWROS assets transfer outside probate and are not part of the SEA calculation. TexasLawHelp.

• Important limitation: Except for §205.006 (homestead), Chapter 205 does not transfer title to real property. §205.008(b).

Step‑by‑step process

1. Confirm eligibility against §205.001 and the $75,000 cap (exclude homestead/exempt property; exclude non‑probate assets).

2. Compile heirs and family history facts establishing heirship; compute each heir’s share under Chapter 201 (intestacy). See TexasLawHelp: SEA overview.

3. Prepare the SEA: include the full inventory of assets/liabilities (mark exempt), list all distributees with addresses, and attach supporting documents as required by local court rules. [§205.002].

4. Obtain signatures: all distributees (or proper guardians) and two disinterested witnesses must sign before a notary.

5. File the SEA in the county with probate jurisdiction/venue (usually the decedent’s county of residence). §205.001(4); TexasLawHelp venue guidance.

6. Court review and approval: the judge examines for statutory compliance and, if satisfied, signs the order approving the SEA. [§205.003].

7. After approval: obtain certified copies from the clerk and deliver them to holders of estate property and debts per §205.004; if transferring a homestead, record a certified copy in the county deed records. [§205.006].

Common reasons courts decline SEAs (and how to avoid them)

• A will exists (SEA is for intestate estates only). §205.001.

• Estate value calculation is incorrect (homestead/exempt property improperly counted, or non‑probate assets included). §205.001, §205.009; TexasLawHelp.

• Debts exceed assets when calculated under §205.001.

• Real property other than homestead needs transfer (use another procedure, e.g., heirship or administration). §205.008(b); TexasLawHelp.

• Missing signatures or witnesses lack disinterested status or personal knowledge. §205.002; SEA toolkit.

Quick reference: statutory checklist

How Sunset supports a Texas SEA

Sunset automates the tasks that make SEAs succeed:

• Asset and liability discovery across banks, brokerages, insurers, property records, and credit bureaus to ensure a complete, accurate SEA inventory. How Sunset works.

• County‑specific probate document generation (including SEA forms), with e‑notarization where permitted. How it works.

• FDIC‑insured estate bank account to consolidate funds after approvals; beneficiaries receive 100% of assets—families never pay fees to Sunset (Sunset is paid by bank partners based on interest while funds sit in the estate account). How it works.

• SOC 2 Type II security, identity verification, and fraud prevention throughout the process. How it works and Privacy Policy.

When an SEA is not appropriate

Consider other Texas procedures if any apply:

• The decedent left a will (e.g., probate as muniment of title if eligible) or a full administration is needed (significant debts, litigation risk, complex assets).

• Real property other than a homestead must be transferred.

• Heirship is uncertain or disputed (use an heirship proceeding). See background from TexasLawHelp.

Key documents and primary law

• Texas Estates Code Chapter 205 (Small‑Estate Affidavit): official statute and public law reference.

• Practical guides: TexasLawHelp: Small Estate Affidavits and Transferring the deceased’s property without going to court.

FAQ

• Does a bank have to accept an approved SEA? A holder who pays or transfers in reliance on an approved SEA is released from liability to the same extent as paying a personal representative; heirs who received property remain accountable. Estates Code §205.007.

• Can I use an SEA if there is any real property besides a homestead? No; Chapter 205 transfers title to real property only for a homestead and only when it is the estate’s sole real property. §§205.006, 205.008(b).

• Who counts as a disinterested witness? An adult with no financial interest and who does not inherit from the estate; they must have personal knowledge of the facts stated in the SEA. SEA toolkit.